Opinion - Der Pharmacia Lettre ( 2024) Volume 16, Issue 2
Received: 30-Jan-2024, Manuscript No. DPL-24-129632;
Editor assigned: 01-Feb-2024, Pre QC No. DPL-24-129632 (PQ);
Reviewed: 15-Feb-2024, QC No. DPL-24-129632;
Revised: 22-Feb-2024, Manuscript No. DPL-24-129632 (R);
Published:
01-Mar-2024
, DOI: 10.37532/dpl.2024.16.11
, Citations: Lewis R. 2024. Analyzing the Insights and Remedial Measures for Arsenic Toxicity. Der
Pharma Lett.16:11-12.
,
Copyright: © 2024 Lewis R. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
The harmful effects of arsenic on humans and animals are a major global health concern, resulting from occupational and environmental exposure to arsenic-contaminated water, air, soil, and food. It affects human, animal, and environmental health in a variety of ways. In order to comprehend its pathophysiology, identify the critical biomarkers, assess the medical and economic effects on the affected populations, and ensure prompt detection and amelioration, a number of experimental and clinical researches were started and were on-going.
Unfortunately, despite these extensive investigations, there is still no clear knowledge on how to avoid and control arsenic poisoning. This is mostly because arsenic toxicity is a complex disease with scattered approaches and repetitious labor. Because of this, there is a need for literature that only provides data on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and mitigating factors of arsenic poisoning. Such literature can assist researchers and decision-makers in effectively organizing future studies and community control initiatives. For the benefit of researchers, academicians, and policy makers in controlling arsenic eco-toxicology and direction for future research, this article presents a thorough review of the state of knowledge regarding arsenic toxicity, detection methodologies, epidemiology, and remedial measures.
Water extracted from very deep wells in plains, hilly, and mountainous regions, as well as from shallow wells in endemic regions, frequently contains inorganic Arsenic (As) from geological sources. There are three major types of arsenic: Gaseous form (arsine), inorganic salt (monomethyl arsenic, which is widespread in aquatic food sources), and organic salt. Therefore, arsenic poisoning is a common result of human exposure to soil, air, water, and food in various parts of the world.
The situation surrounding arsenic pollution worldwide has evolved as new sites have been found and the number of impacted individuals has increased. Furthermore, because arsenic and other metals interact strongly and have complicated pathogenicity, particularly when combined with fluoride and lead in contaminated groundwater, exposure to other metals and environmental toxicants is also a significant public health problem. Anthropogenic sources, such as agrochemicals, wood preservatives, mineral processing, acid mine drainage, burning fossil fuels, etc., are another significant source of arsenic exposure.
According to a recent report, in over 103 countries (Bangladesh, India, Vietnam, Taiwan, China, Thailand, Pakistan, Iran, Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Egypt, parts of the USA, etc.), naturally occurring exposure to arsenic from groundwater is one of the biggest threats to human and animal health. Furthermore, drinking water with arsenic is odourless, tasteless, and undetectable. Therefore, endemic arsenicosis will inevitably result from a big population ingesting untreated water and excessive extended exposure to inorganic arsenic from drinking water and food. Numerous studies have shown that exposure to varying doses of arsenic by humans and animals can result in acute, sub-acute, and chronic poisoning, as well as negative effects on body physiology and health. The World Health Organization's (WHO) safe drinking water standard is 10 parts per billion more than the current global infection rate of arsenicosis, which is estimated to be over 230 million. This number has climbed significantly over the past ten years. Depending on their species, age, geographic location, the type of arsenic, dietary patterns, etc., animals and people are affected by arsenic toxicity in different ways. Therefore, arsenic environmental toxicology is more than just applied science.
It is an experimental discipline that covers fundamental cell and developmental biology and focuses only on toxicity testing. Its goal is to understand the molecular processes through which arsenic interacts with cells and other physiological systems. According to recent findings, prolonged exposure to arsenic also considerably raises the risk of developing heart, lung, kidney, and liver diseases as well as becoming unwell and dying from cancer. In many poor nations, there is also a correlation between exposure to arsenic and aberrant obstetric outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, stillbirths, embryonic death, pregnancy hypertension, and gestational diabetes. Moreover, long-term exposure to arsenic may have dose-dependent effects on adult cognitive function.
Citation: Lewis R. 2024. Analyzing the Insights and Remedial Measures for Arsenic Toxicity. Der Pharma Lett.16:11-12.
Copyright: © 2024 Lewis R. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
