Perspective - Der Pharmacia Lettre ( 2024) Volume 16, Issue 2
Received: 30-Jan-2024, Manuscript No. DPL-24-129639;
Editor assigned: 01-Feb-2024, Pre QC No. DPL-24-129639 (PQ);
Reviewed: 15-Feb-2024, QC No. DPL-24-129639;
Revised: 22-Feb-2024, Manuscript No. DPL-24-129639 (R);
Published:
01-Mar-2024
, DOI: 10.37532/dpl.2024.16.15
, Citations: Niu Y. 2024. Recognizing the Importance of Pharmaceutical Care in Chemical Toxicity. Der
Pharma Lett.16:15-16.
,
Copyright: © 2024 Niu Y. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
As an organic solvent, triethylamine is a type of aliphatic amine that is colorless, transparent, greasy, and has a strong chemical odour similar to ammonia at 15.7°C. Its vapour pressure is 53.33 mPa. It is extremely corrosive, weakly alkaline, volatile, combustible, and explosive. Its density is 0.7255 g/mL, molecular weight is 101.19, boiling point is 89.5°C, and its chemical formula is (CH3CH2 )3N. Triethylamine has been widely used in the industry for the past century as a catalyst, solvent, or rust inhibitor for organic polymerization. It is primarily used in the synthesis of chemical drugs, pesticides, and dyes, such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefoxitin, and penicillamine, as well as in the manufacturing of high-energy fuels, liquid rocket fuel, additives, emulsifiers, perfumes, propulsion sources, etc. It has been widely employed in the foundry sector in recent years because to its high production efficiency, accurate size, energy-saving, and low gas output of cold-core manufacturing technique of triethylamine. Consequently, there is a high possibility for occupational exposure to it, and it may also be a possible environmental pollutant that could result in a variety of health issues.
Triethylamine is a chemical that is rather hazardous and severely irritates human skin and mucous membranes. It has an unpleasant effect on the upper respiratory tract in addition to being directly harmful to ocular epithelial cells. Low blood pressure, tachycardia, and itchy skin can all result from it. Research indicates that in the natural environment, a microbe belonging to the genus Arthrobacter protozoa (R4 strain) may totally biodegrade triethylamine. Additionally, certain metal ions, such as Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Ag+, can significantly hinder the breakdown of triethylamine. It's yet unknown how the human body uses it. Triethylamine poisoning differs from organophosphorus pesticide poisoning in that there is no particular antidote or detoxification technique. Respiratory inhalation is the primary cause of industrial poisoning. Irritations of the eye and upper respiratory tract, encompassing blinking, shutting of the eyes, weeping, runny cough, sneezing, and even visual disruption, are the primary symptoms observed in the clinic. There has never before been a report of oral poisoning. Triethylamine is not likely to produce severe intoxication because of its strong ammonia odour, which is easily detectable. A literature search turned up no evidence of acute triethylamine poisoning deaths.
Coagulopathy usually follows Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding or other haemorrhage, though this is not always the case. If the PT or INR is prolonged, coagulopathy may react to vitamin K1. Insensible water loss increases in hyperthermia and hyperventilation, and frequent vomiting can exacerbate GI fluid losses that result in electrolyte metabolism problems and even dangerously low fluid volume. Thus, ondansetron, prochlorperazine, and promethazine were chosen as antiemetics. Because of its inexpensive cost and little side effects, ondansetron is most frequently utilized. Serum sodium and potassium concentrations can be normal, increased, or lowered, depending on the acid-base balance, net fluid and electrolyte intake and output, and other factors. Because Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) can breach the stomach mucosal barrier, proton pump inhibitor delivery was crucial. Early blood purification removes any remaining chemical poisoning within the body, preventing additional triethylamine-induced liver damage.
One chemical reagent that is frequently utilized in industrial production is triethylamine. After intentional consumption or occupational exposure, it primarily affects the gastrointestinal barrier, leading to bleeding and subsequent organ damage. For medical professionals, treating poisoned victims is difficult. An instance is reported in this article. Clinical pharmacists treated patients with clinically unusual triethylamine poisoning by summarizing, analyzing, and prescribing medication in an effort to serve as a resource and gain experience in treating similar poisonings in the future.
Citation: Niu Y. 2024. Recognizing the Importance of Pharmaceutical Care in Chemical Toxicity. Der Pharma Lett.16:15-16.
Copyright: © 2024 Niu Y. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
